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A view of Kitlope Lake in the. Rainforests are characterized by high, with annual rainfall in the case of between 250 and 450 centimetres (98 and 177 in), and definitions varying by region for. The, alternatively known as the, plays a significant role in creating the climatic conditions necessary for the 's tropical rainforests.

Around 40% to 75% of all are to the rainforests. There may be many millions of species of plants, insects and still undiscovered in tropical rainforests. Tropical rainforests have been called the 'jewels of the Earth' and the ', because over one quarter of natural have been discovered there.

Rainforests are also responsible for 28% of the world's turnover, sometimes misnamed oxygen production, processing it through from and consuming it through respiration. The in some areas of a rainforest can be restricted by poor penetration of to ground level. If the is destroyed or thinned, the ground beneath is soon colonized by a dense, tangled growth of, and small, called a. The term jungle is also sometimes applied to tropical rainforests generally.

Rainforests as well as endemic rainforest species are rapidly disappearing due to, the resulting. Worldwide tropical rainforest zones. Tropical rainforests are characterized by a warm and wet climate with no substantial dry season: typically found within 10 degrees north and south of the. Mean monthly temperatures exceed 18 °C (64 °F) during all months of the year.

Average annual is no less than 168 cm (66 in) and can exceed 1,000 cm (390 in) although it typically lies between 175 cm (69 in) and 200 cm (79 in). Many of the world's tropical forests are associated with the location of the, also known as the. The broader category of are located in the between the. Tropical rainforests exist in (from ) to the,,, and; also in from the to the (), (e.g.

The ), (e.g., the southern ---),, and on (such as ). Tropical forests have been called the 'Earth's ', although it is now known that rainforests contribute little net addition to the through. Main article: A tropical rainforest typically has a number of layers, each with different plants and animals adapted for life in that particular area. Examples include the emergent,, and layers. Refrigeration and air conditioning cp arora domkundwar pdf. Emergent layer The emergent layer contains a small number of very large called emergents, which grow above the general, reaching heights of 45–55 m, although on occasion a few species will grow to 70–80 m tall. They need to be able to withstand the hot temperatures and strong winds that occur above the canopy in some areas.,, and certain inhabit this layer.

Main article: The canopy layer contains the majority of the largest trees, typically 30 metres (98 ft) to 45 metres (148 ft) tall. The densest areas of are found in the forest canopy, a more or less continuous cover of foliage formed by adjacent treetops. The canopy, by some estimates, is home to 50 percent of all plant species. Attach to and, and obtain water and minerals from rain and debris that collects on the supporting plants. The fauna is similar to that found in the emergent layer, but more diverse.

A quarter of all insect species are believed to exist in the rainforest canopy. Scientists have long suspected the richness of the canopy as a habitat, but have only recently developed practical methods of exploring it. As long ago as 1917, declared that 'another continent of life remains to be discovered, not upon the Earth, but one to two hundred feet above it, extending over thousands of square miles.' True exploration of this habitat only began in the 1980s, when scientists developed methods to reach the canopy, such as firing ropes into the trees using. Is still in its infancy, but other methods include the use of and to float above the highest branches and the building of cranes and walkways planted on the forest floor. The science of accessing tropical forest canopy using airships or similar aerial platforms is called. Understory layer.

A from the More than half of the world's species of plants and animals are found in the rainforest. Rainforests support a very broad array of, including,,. Mammals may include, and other families. Reptiles include,, and other families; while birds include such families as. Dozens of families of invertebrates are found in rainforests. Are also very common in rainforest areas as they can feed on the decomposing remains of plants and animals. The great diversity in rainforest species is in large part the result of diverse and numerous physical, i.e.

Places in which plants are inaccessible to many herbivores, or in which animals can hide from predators. Having numerous refuges available also results in much higher total than would otherwise be possible. This section needs expansion. You can help. ( December 2008) Despite the growth of in a tropical rainforest, is often quite poor. Rapid decay prevents the accumulation of.